Released in October 2021, Windows 11 is the most recent major version of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system. Any Windows 10 devices that satisfy the new Windows 11 system requirements can download the free upgrade to its predecessor, Windows 10 (2015).
A redesign of the Start menu, the removal of the taskbar's "live tiles" in favor of a separate "Widgets" panel, the ability to create tiled groups of windows that can be minimized and restored from the taskbar as a group, and new gaming features like Auto HDR and Direct Storage on compatible hardware are just a few of the significant changes to the Windows shell in Windows 11 that were inspired by the canceled Windows 10X are just a few examples of how the operating system has. Similar to its predecessor, Windows 10, Microsoft Edge, which is built on the Chromium platform, has replaced Internet Explorer (IE) as the default web browser, and Microsoft Teams is now part of the Windows shell. Additionally, Microsoft announced plans to support Android apps on Windows 11 (including a partnership with Amazon to make use of its app store for the function) and to give software that can be distributed through the Microsoft Store more flexibility.
The system prerequisites for Windows 11 have been raised compared to Windows 10 due to security concerns. Microsoft only formally supports the operating system on devices using an eighth-generation Intel Core CPU or newer (with a few minor exceptions), a second-generation AMD Ryzen CPU or newer, or a Qualcomm Snapdragon 850 ARM system-on-chip or newer, with UEFI secure boot and Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 2.0 supported and enabled (although Microsoft may provide exceptions to the TPM 2.0 requirement for OEMs). Although the OS can be installed on unsupported processors, Microsoft cannot guarantee the availability of updates. Windows 11 removed support for 32-bit x86 CPUs and hardware with BIOS firmware.
Languages that are supported.
Component-Based Servicing lp . cab files (for the languages that would be preloaded on the first boot) and Local Experience Pack .appx files (for the languages that could be downloaded on supported PCs) were the two options for device imaging that OEMs (as well as mobile operators) and businesses had before the release of Windows 11. The remaining 72 partially-localized Language Interface Pack (LIP) languages were only available as .appx packages, in contrast to the 38 fully-localized Language Pack (LP) languages, which were offered in both lp . cab and .appx packages.
Windows 11 has altered this procedure. Catalan, Basque, Galician, Indonesian, and Vietnamese were added, bringing the total number of LP languages to 43. Additionally, only lp . cab packages can image these 43 languages. In order to provide a seamless language-imaging and cumulative update experience, this is necessary.
The remaining 67 LIP languages that are based on LXP will switch to a self-service model and can only be added by individual Windows users through the Microsoft Store and Windows Settings apps, not as part of the Windows imaging procedure. Users in business environments can now add both the display language and its features, not just admins, but the precise options for languages (both LP and LIP) still depend on the OEM and mobile operator.
At first, opinions on Windows 11 were conflicting. The operating system's more stringent hardware requirements received the majority of pre-release attention. There were debates about whether these requirements were actually designed to increase Windows security or were merely a sales tactic to get users to upgrade to newer hardware as well as concerns about the changes' impact on e-waste. When it was first released, it received praise for its enhanced visual design, window management, and stronger security focus, but it also drew criticism for a number of changes to its user interface that were perceived as worse than its predecessor in an effort to prevent users from switching to competing applications.
Development.
Jerry Nixon, a Microsoft employee, said during the 2015 Ignite conference that Windows 10 would be the "last version of Windows." Microsoft later acknowledged that Nixon's comments "reflect[ed]" its position. The operating system was viewed as a service, with new builds and updates being released over time.
Microsoft unveiled "Windows 10X" in October 2019, a future version of Windows 10 created specifically for dual-touchscreen devices like the Surface Neo, which was just about to launch. It included updates like a centered taskbar and an updated Start menu without Windows 10's "live tiles, as well as a modified user interface built around context-sensitive "postures" for various screen configurations and usage scenarios. To ensure performance and power optimization, legacy Windows applications would also need to run in "containers". Microsoft announced that by the end of 2020, Windows 10X devices would be available.
Panos Panay, Microsoft's chief product officer for Microsoft Windows and Microsoft Office, stated in May 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, that "as we continue to put customers' needs at the forefront, we need to focus on meeting customers where they are now," and that Windows 10X would initially only launch on single-screen devices. Microsoft stated that it would "continue to look for the right moment, in conjunction with our OEM partners, to bring dual-screen device support.
According to rumors that surfaced in October 2020, Microsoft was working on a new user interface for Windows 10 code-named "Sun Valley," which was slated to be released as part of the "Cobalt" feature update in late 2021. Internal documents stated that "Sun Valley" was intended to "reinvigorate[]" the Windows user interface and make it more "fluid," with a more consistent application of WinUI, while rumors suggested Microsoft intended to adapt UI components seen in Windows 10 X. In January 2021, it was revealed that Microsoft had posted a job listing mentioning a "sweeping visual rejuvenation of Windows.
By December 2020, Microsoft had started to put some of these aesthetic changes into practice and announce other new features on Windows 10 Insider Preview builds, such as new system icons (which also included the replacement of shell resources dating back as far as Windows 95),[26] improvements to Task View to allow changing the wallpaper on each virtual desktop, x86-64 emulation on ARM, and adding the Auto HDR feature from Xbox Series X.
As of May 18, 2021, Microsoft would be "accelerating the integration of key foundational 10X technology into other parts of Windows and products at the company," according to John Cable, head of Windows Servicing and Delivery, who also announced that Windows 10X had been discontinued.
Announcement.
CEO and Chairman Satya Nadella made a joke about the existence of the upcoming version of Windows during his keynote address at the Microsoft Build 2021 developer conference. He had been self-hosting it for several months, according to Nadella. Additionally, he made a joke about how soon there would be an official announcement. Microsoft began distributing invitations for a specific Windows media event that will take place at 11 a.m. ET on June 24, 2021, less than a week after Nadella's keynote. On June 10, 2021, Microsoft additionally uploaded an 11-minute video of Windows start-up sounds to YouTube. Many people theorized that the timing of the Microsoft event and the length of the Windows start-up sound video were references to the operating system being called Windows 11.
Windows 11 was formally unveiled on June 24, 2021, at a virtual event moderated by Chief Product Officer Panos Panay. According to Nadella, Windows 11 is "a re-imagining of the operating system. Additional information for developers was covered at another developer-focused event that day, including discussions of updates to the Microsoft Store, the new Windows App SDK (also known as "Project Reunion"), new Fluent Design guidelines, and more.
Release and promotion.
Inadvertently, the name Windows 11 was published in a June 2021 Microsoft support document. Later on June 15. Leaked images of a rumored beta build of Windows 11's desktop appeared online. The leak of the aforementioned build happened the same day. The screenshots and leaked build depict a redesigned out-of-the-box experience (OOBE), Windows 11 branding, and an interface similar to the canceled Windows 10X. Microsoft would later attest to the veracity of the stolen beta, with Panay describing it as an "early weird build.
Windows 11 will be released in "Holiday 2021," according to a statement made by Microsoft at the media event on June 24. It will be released along with a free upgrade for compatible Windows 10 devices through Windows Update. On June 28, Microsoft announced that Windows Insiders would be able to download the first preview build and SDK for Windows 11.
Microsoft announced the release date for Windows 11 as October 5, 2021 on August 31st, 2021. The upgrade would be offered first to newer eligible devices in a phased release. This is the longest time between successive releases of a Microsoft Windows operating system, surpassing the time between Windows XP (released on October 25, 2001) and Windows Vista (released on January 30, 2007), since its predecessor Windows 10 was released on July 29, 2015, more than six years earlier.
On September 9, 2021, the first Windows 11 television ad debuted during the NFL Kickoff Game. It was designed to demonstrate a "feeling of immersion and fluidity" using screenshots from Halo Infinite by Xbox Game Studios and operating system features. Other marketing initiatives on the day of the launch day included the illumination of the Burj Khalifa in Dubai with images of the Windows 11 logo and the standard "Bloom" wallpaper, and the distribution of free cups of "Bloomberry" ice cream at Mikey Likes It ice cream shops in New York City.
Windows 11 was formally launched by Microsoft at 2:00 pm on October 4, 2021 as an opt-in, in-place upgrade via either the Windows 11 Installation Assistant application (which can carry out the upgrade or generate an ISO image or USB install media), or via Windows Update in a phased rollout. Microsoft anticipated that Windows 11 would be accessible via Windows Update to all qualified devices by mid-2022. New installations of Windows 10 on compatible hardware might offer an upgrade option during the OOBE. Retail copies of Windows 11—which come with a license key and USB flash drive—were made available on May 9, 2022. Digital licenses were made accessible through the Microsoft Store on July 28, 2022.
Windows 11, the first significant update to the operating system since 2015, improves upon its predecessor by redesigning the user interface to adhere to Fluent Design principles from Microsoft. The redesign, which emphasizes flexibility and usability, along with new social and productivity features and security and accessibility updates, addresses some of Windows 10's drawbacks.
In Windows 11, the Microsoft Store has also undergone a redesign. This unified storefront for apps and other content has been designed to be more user-friendly. Microsoft now permits developers to distribute Win32, progressive web apps, and other packaging technologies in the Microsoft Store alongside Universal Windows Platform apps. Microsoft also made plans to let third-party app stores, like Epic Games Store, distribute their clients on Microsoft Store. On ARM-based platforms, Windows 11 supports software emulation for the x86-64 architecture.
Microsoft Teams is a collaboration tool that is integrated into the Windows 11 user interface and accessible from the taskbar. By default, Skype will no longer be included with the OS. According to Microsoft, performance improvements include smaller update sizes, quicker web browsing in "any browser," quicker wake-up times from sleep mode, and quicker Windows Hello authentication.
Instead of including or support Internet Explorer, Windows 11 ships with the Chromium-based Microsoft Edge web browser (for compatibility with Google Chrome. For backwards compatibility reasons, IE's rendering engine MSHTML (Trident) is still included with the operating system, and Edge can be configured with Group Policy to render whitelisted websites in "IE Mode" (which still uses MSHTML, rather than Blink layout engine), if desired. Since Windows 95's initial retail release, only Windows 11 has come without Internet Explorer preinstalled.
The updated Xbox app will work with Windows 11, which also includes the Auto HDR and Direct Storage features debuted by the Xbox Series X and Series S. Windows 11 also needs a graphics card that supports DirectX 12 and an NVMe solid-state drive.
Interface for users.
Translucency, shadows, a fresh color scheme, and rounded geometry are frequently used in the operating system's redesigned user interface, which builds on Fluent Design System. The "Mica" appearance, which is a recurrent feature of the design, is described as an "opaque, dynamic material that incorporates theme and desktop wallpaper to paint the background of long-lived windows such as apps and settings," as well as being a "dynamic material with opaque properties.". The now-cancelled Windows 10X served as a major source of inspiration for the start menu and a large portion of the user interface. A variable version of the Segoe UI font, which has been in use since Windows Vista, enhances its capacity to scale between various display resolutions.
The taskbar is always pinned to the bottom edge of the screen and has buttons that are center-aligned by default; unlike earlier versions of Windows, it cannot be moved to the top, left, or right edges of the screen without making manual changes to the registry. Other Quick Actions toggles, as well as volume, brightness, and media playback controls, have been moved to a new settings pop-up displayed by clicking on the system tray. The notifications sidebar is now accessed by clicking the date and time. The taskbar's "Widgets" button shows a panel with Microsoft Start, a news aggregator that offers personalized articles and content (and builds on the "news and interests" panel introduced in later Windows 10 builds). Similar to Microsoft Teams, which has a pop-up window that displays a list of recent conversations, Microsoft Teams is integrated with the taskbar.
In place of Windows 8's "live tiles," the Start menu has undergone a significant redesign. x and 10 with a list of recently submitted documents and applications, as well as a grid of "pinned" applications. File Explorer has been updated to remove its ribbon toolbar in favor of a more conventional toolbar, and its context menus have been reorganized to move some operations (like copy and paste) to a toolbar along the top of the menu and conceal others under an overflow menu.
Windows 11's revamped Task View, which now supports individual wallpapers for each desktop.
The Task View feature in Windows 10 has a new look and supports assigning unique wallpapers to each virtual desktop. Two new features have been added to the window snapping functionality: a pre-determined "Snap Layout" for tiling multiple windows onto a display is displayed when hovering over a window's maximize button, and a tiled arrangement of windows can be minimized and restored from the taskbar as a "snap group.". The windows that were previously on a disconnected display in a multi-monitor setup will be minimized rather than automatically transferred to the main display. When the same display is reconnected, the windows move back to where they were before.
Android Subsystem for Windows.
Windows Subsystem for Linux and Project Astoria are additional details.
On October 21, 2021, Windows Subsystem for Android (WSA), which enables users to install and use Android apps on their devices, became accessible to users of Windows 11 Beta channel builds in the United States The APK file format allows users to install Android applications from any source. For the Microsoft Store, there is also an Amazon Appstore client. On February 15, 2022, Windows 11 Release build 22000.527 was released, making the Windows Subsystem for Android and Amazon Appstore accessible to users on the Release channel in the US. WSA is based on the Intel Bridge runtime compiler; Intel claimed the technology is independent of its CPUs and will be supported on x86-64 and ARM CPUs from other vendors as well.
System safety.
The Trusted Platform Module 2.0 security coprocessor is a requirement for Windows 11's minimum system requirements. The TPM 2.0 coprocessor is a "critical building block," in Microsoft's opinion, for defense against firmware and hardware attacks. Additionally, Windows 11 devices must come pre-installed with Hypervisor-Protected Code Integrity (HVCI), Virtualization-Based Security (VBS), and Secure Boot. The operating system also includes hardware-enforced stack protection for supported Intel and AMD processors to guard against zero-day exploits. Windows 11 supports both multi-factor authentication and biometric authentication through Windows Hello, just like its predecessor.
Versions.
History of Windows 11 versions is the main topic.
The Home edition of Windows 11 is designed for home users, while the Pro edition, which can join a domain and includes more networking and security features like BitLocker, is available to business users. Verified software purchased from the Microsoft Store may be the only software that runs on Windows 11 Home by default ("S Mode"). Internet access and a Microsoft account are necessary for Windows 11 Home's initial setup. It was announced that this restriction would eventually apply to Windows 11 Pro in February 2022.
As the replacement for Windows 10 S, Windows 11 SE was introduced on November 9, 2021. It primarily competes with ChromeOS and is designed specifically for low-end devices sold in the education market. It is intended to be managed through Microsoft Intune, and it has undergone changes based on feedback from educators to streamline the user interface and lessen "distractions," such as all applications opening at full screen by default, Widgets being eliminated, and Snap Layouts not containing layouts for more than two applications at once. OneDrive is used by default for file storage, and it comes preinstalled with programs like Flipgrid, Microsoft Office for Microsoft 365, and Minecraft Education Edition. Administrators must provision or install third-party software in Windows 11 SE because it does not have Microsoft Store. Microsoft Edge is designed by default to allow the installation of extensions from the Chrome Web Store in order to target businesses that are switching from Google Chrome.
Pre-release builds are divided into three categories: "Dev" (unstable builds used to test features for upcoming feature updates), "Beta" (test builds for the following feature update; more stable than Dev channel), and "Release Preview" (pre-release builds for final testing of upcoming feature updates). The Windows Insider program has been carried over from Windows 10.
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