(Mesothelioma)
What are the four main types of Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma is a form of cancer that develops in the lining of some organs, including the lungs or the abdomen. The lubrication that is produced by this lining, known as the mesothelium, is crucial for the organs to move against one another in a healthy manner.
There are four main types of mesothelioma:
1. Pleural mesothelioma, which affects the lining of the lungs
2. Peritoneal mesothelioma, which affects the lining of the abdomen
3. Pericardial mesothelioma, which affects the lining of the heart
4. Testicular mesothelioma, which affects the lining of the testicles
Each type of mesothelioma may have different types of cancer cells, which may be epithelioid, sarcomatoid (or fibrous) or a mix of both types.
Mesothelioma is classified according to the location of the cancer.
Based on where the tumor first appears, different types of mesothelioma exist. The origin of the cancer and its implications for available treatments should be discussed during patient-team meetings after a mesothelioma diagnosis.
Pleural mesothelioma
Pleural mesothelioma, which makes up about 82.1% of cases, is the most prevalent type of mesothelioma.
The CDC is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It starts in the lining of the lungs' protective chest cavity. The biggest risk factor for this disease is previous exposure to asbestos, a mineral fiber that was once used in construction but is now known to cause cancer.
Pleural mesothelioma, which makes up about 82 percent of cases and is the most prevalent type, is a cancer of the lining of the lung.
center for disease prevention and control (CDC). The lining of the lungs' protective chest cavity serves as its starting point. The greatest risk factor for developing this condition is prior exposure to asbestos, a mineral fiber that was once used in construction but is now known to cause cancer.
These signs might appear:.
pain in the chest.
Coughing.
Breathlessness.
Fatigue.
Loss of weight.
skin-deep lumps.
Some people may not experience any symptoms at all.
Some possible course of action is:.
Surgery.
Radiation treatment.
Chemotherapy.
treatment with an immune system.
focused treatment.
These therapies could aid patients in controlling their illness and extending their lives. Surgery may also be an option in some cases of early-stage disease, though the advantages are still debatable.
Pleural mesothelioma has a five-year survival rate of 20% for localized cancers and 12% for all stages combined, according to the American Cancer Society. However, each patient's situation is unique.
Peritoneal mesothelioma
Beginning in the tissue that encircles the abdomen, peritoneal mesothelioma is a cancer. According to the CDC, it accounts for 9.9 percent of all cases of mesothelioma, making it the second most prevalent type (behind pleural mesothelioma). Asbestos exposure is another major risk factor for this illness.
It can occasionally be challenging to diagnose peritoneal mesothelioma because it doesn't always have obvious symptoms. But when they do, these symptoms usually present themselves as:.
enlarged abdomen.
stomach ache.
Loss of weight.
Nausea.
Tiredness.
There have been few studies on potential treatment options because the disease is so uncommon. The two most common treatments currently used are surgery and chemotherapy. According to the cancer's cell type and the patient's age, different survival rates for this particular cancer type exist.
Pericardial mesothelioma
A rare form of mesothelioma called pericardial mesothelioma develops in the pericardium, the lining that surrounds the heart. About 0.2% of all new cases of mesothelioma are caused by it, according to the CDC.
This specific form of mesothelioma may also be challenging to diagnose because it frequently lacks obvious symptoms. When symptoms appear, they may consist of:.
Coughing.
chest discomfort.
a feeling of being out of breath.
a erratic heartbeat.
Sometimes surgery is used to remove small tumors.
Chemotherapy and radiation treatment are additional options for treatment.
Often, this cancer is discovered when it has already spread. A 2019 review published in Clinical Lung Cancer reports that the median survival time after diagnosis is six months.
Testicular mesothelioma
Another extremely rare variety of this illness is testicular mesothelioma, also referred to as tunica vaginalis mesothelioma. It starts in the testicular layers. Approximately 0 point 2 percent of mesothelioma cases, according to the CDC, are attributable to it.
An enlarged, occasionally fluid-filled scrotum is one of the symptoms that could exist.
There is no established therapy for testicular mesothelioma because it is a rare disease, but it is possible to be treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
Survival data is based on a very small number of patients because there are so few cases that have been diagnosed. According to a 2019 study published in Urology, 113 patients had a five-year survival rate of 49%.
cells that cause mesothelioma.
There are three other types of cells that can be found in mesothelioma cancers in addition to the types of mesothelioma that were already mentioned.
Epithelioid.
Sarcomatoid.
Biphasic.
Knowing the type of cells found during diagnosis is crucial because each cell type reacts to treatment differently.
Epithelioid cell mesothelioma
According to a 2015 study published in the Journal of Surgical Research, epithelioid cell mesothelioma affected 1,183 patients, or roughly 69 percent of cases. The growth of these cells typically occurs more slowly, and they respond well to therapy.
Sarcomatoid cell mesothelioma
About 19% of cases in the Journal of Surgical Research study were sarcomatoid cell mesothelioma, a less frequent form than epithelioid mesothelioma. Chemotherapy may not always work well on these cells, making this type of cancer more challenging to treat.
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